In vitro fertilization (IVF) is one of the most common fertility treatments used by couples who have trouble conceiving naturally. But before undergoing the procedure, it is important to understand how IVF works and what to expect at each stage.
The basic idea of IVF is to fertilize eggs with sperm outside the body in a laboratory. This method has been practiced for many years and has helped countless couples conceive. However, there is more to the IVF process before and after fertilization. Here, we break down the IVF cycle into five key steps.
When is IVF Used?
IVF is often recommended for individuals or couples facing fertility challenges, such as:
Women over 35 who have difficulty conceiving.
Women with blocked or damaged fallopian tubes.
People with endometriosis, a condition affecting the uterus.
Men with low sperm count or poor sperm motility.
Couples with unexplained infertility.
The 5 Steps of the IVF Procedure
1. Stimulating the Ovaries to Produce More Eggs
To increase the chances of pregnancy, fertility medications are given to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs instead of just one. These medications contain follicle-stimulating hormones (FSH), which help the ovaries mature multiple eggs at once.
During this phase, regular blood tests and ultrasound scans are done to monitor hormone levels and track the development of eggs.
2. Retrieving the Eggs
Once the eggs are mature, a hormone injection is given about 36 hours before the egg retrieval procedure. This helps the eggs complete their final stage of maturation.
The eggs are then collected using a procedure called follicular aspiration. A thin needle is inserted through the vaginal wall into the ovaries to extract the eggs. This is done with the help of ultrasound guidance.
A mild sedative or anesthesia is usually given to ensure comfort. Some mild cramping may be experienced after the procedure, but this usually goes away within a day.
3. Collecting Sperm from the Partner or a Donor
While the eggs are being retrieved, a sperm sample is collected from the male partner. If needed, donor sperm can also be used.
The sperm is then processed to select the healthiest and most active ones for fertilization. This is done through a special washing and spinning process in the laboratory.
4. Fertilization of Eggs and Sperm
In this stage, the best-quality sperm is combined with the retrieved eggs in a process called insemination. The sperm is left to fertilize the eggs naturally over several hours.
In some cases, a procedure called intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is used, where a single sperm is directly injected into an egg to improve the chances of fertilization.
5. Transferring the Embryo into the Uterus
After fertilization, the resulting embryos are monitored for a few days. The healthiest embryo(s) are then selected for transfer into the uterus.
A thin catheter is used to gently place the embryo(s) inside the uterus. This procedure is simple and does not require anesthesia.
To improve the chances of implantation, medication is given to prepare the uterus lining. Since multiple embryos are often transferred, there is a higher chance of twins or multiple births.
IVF Treatment Cost in Mumbai
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IVF treatment cost in Mumbai varies depending on factors such as the clinic, the number of cycles required, and additional treatments like ICSI or embryo freezing. On average, IVF treatment in Mumbai can range from ₹1,50,000 to ₹3,00,000 per cycle. Some clinics offer packages or financial assistance to make the procedure more affordable. It is advisable to consult a fertility specialist to understand the exact cost and available options.
What Happens After IVF?
After the embryo transfer, patients must wait for about two weeks before taking a pregnancy test to check if the procedure was successful. If implantation occurs, pregnancy continues as it would naturally. If not, the process may be repeated in another cycle.
IVF has helped many couples achieve their dream of parenthood. However, it is essential to consult a fertility specialist to understand if it is the right treatment for you.
Final Thoughts
The IVF process may seem complex, but breaking it down into these five steps makes it easier to understand. From stimulating egg production to embryo transfer, each stage plays a crucial role in achieving pregnancy. If you're considering IVF, consult a trusted fertility clinic to discuss your options and increase your chances of success.
Additionally, understanding the IVF treatment cost in Mumbai can help you plan your journey better. Researching different clinics and treatment packages can ensure you get the best care within your budget.
