based nonprofit plants seeds of hope in India
Mamata Barui hopes her garden can save her.
When the 16 year old is not cleaning, cooking or otherwise caring for her four younger siblings, she waters and weeds patches of garlic, radishes and green chilies. She harvests bay leaves and tends pumpkins, beans and bottle gourds that grow near her family's cow shed.
Mamata's garden produces all the vegetables her family eats. She hopes the surplus will generate enough cash to stop her parents from marrying her off.
"I feel afraid," she said. "They say, 'You're not doing anything tangible.' If I can sell whatever I grow, they might think of delaying my marriage."
Mamata got that idea and her gardening skills from a weekly girls group she helps lead.
The group is part of a pilot project of the Seattle based nonprofit Landesa, a new twist on that organization's decades long effort to use access to land as a way of pulling people out of poverty in India, China, Africa and elsewhere.
The project, underwritten by the Nike Foundation and a private donor, is part of a new girls' empowerment program run by the Indian government. In 299 villages in far northeast India, Landesa's program has taught roughly 7,800 girls how to garden in hopes of increasing their economic value to their families.
The idea is that if they are considered assets rather than extra mouths to feed, the girls might complete their educations and break out of the poverty cycle. Even if they do not, they will know how louboutin replica to grow food on even small plots of land, improving their nutrition and that of their future children.
The gardening skills also come with extensive lessons in women's rights, which Landesa hopes will encourage girls to fight back against child marriage, as well as rape, prostitution and other forms of abuse.
If India decides to go ahead with Landesa's gardening project, it is expected to roll out nationally with the rest of the girls' empowerment program next year.
ERIKA SCHULTZ / THE SEATTLE TIMES
Families live on railway land in Cooch Behar, West Bengal. Landless families in urban areas often have more employment options than those in rural regions, where living off the land can be the only means of support. Urban families sometimes send money to poorer relatives who live in the country.
Girls are "the next generation, in terms of land rights," said Gregory Rake, who directs Landesa's work in India. "Mamata knows somebody else will ultimately make a decision over her life, but at least now she knows there is a different way."
Although child marriage is illegal in India, almost half of girls under age 18 are married. They typically stop going to school and often have children at young ages, which compromises the health of the girls and their babies. State Department says India is a destination for child sex tourism, and UNICEF estimates 1.2 million Indian children are prostitutes or enslaved.
Landesa faced opposition to the girls project in one predominantly Muslim community, just as it faced resistance in some parts of India to educational programs that discuss women's legal right to inherit land. The nonprofit does not force communities to accept its programs.
In general, Landesa wins the ear of officials in India and elsewhere who want to give land to destitute families to help alleviate poverty. Governments often ask Landesa for help in identifying landless families, which can be difficult because many are not registered.
Landesa also helps to change land laws and to match families with land. In some cases, the land is government controlled for example, old colonial land in India. In others, it belongs to landowners who agree to sell replica louboutin it at market rates.
And Landesa helps poor people register the land, so it replica christian louboutin cannot be stolen by companies or developers.
Although the nonprofit has a low profile in its hometown of Seattle, many consider Landesa the world's premier nonprofit group advocating for land rights. The group estimates its efforts have led to more than 100 million families having secure rights to land.
Roy Prosterman, a University of Washington law professor, started Landesa's work in the '60s. Originally called the Rural Development Institute, it sprang from Prosterman's belief that stealing land from the rich to give to the poor was a recipe for violence.
He made a case for buying land at market rates and giving it to poor people. Agency for International Development (USAID) hired him to try it out in South Vietnam, where his program distributed land to a million families during the Vietnam War. Prosterman expanded his efforts in different forms to other areas, including China, Africa and India.
Most groups start with specific programs, then add policy work. Landesa is the opposite, giving it a much longer term horizon before change is accomplished, he said.
"It might take 10 years to change policy in a state in India on land reform, but when they do, millions of families benefit," Jackson said. Global Impact recently added Landesa louboutin shoes replica to the roster of nonprofits to which it contributes.
Landesa's largest funders last year were the Omidyar Network; the Bill Melinda Gates Foundation; and the Skoll Foundation. (Among Landesa's other funders is the Seattle International Foundation. That foundation also provides a grant to The Seattle Times to support coverage of international stories, including this one.)
Bulbuli Barman notices major changes in her daughters, Chandana and Santana, since they began attending girls group meetings in 2011.
"Earlier, they were very shy," she said, sitting on her dirt porch wearing lavender flip flops and wrapped in a large red shawl with gold threaded embroidery.
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